NASA Not Ready for Safe Manned Mars Mission

NASA lacks the â€Å"right stuff† to deal with the dangers involved in sending humans to Mars and bringing them back – alive -- according to the space agency’s own Office of Inspector General (IG). In his 48-page report, NASA inspector general Paul K. Martin stated that NASA â€Å"faces significant challenges† in protecting Mars mission crews, and that it is being too â€Å"optimistic† in projecting its timetable for responding to the risks. As a result, Mars-bound humans â€Å"may have to accept a higher level of risk than those who fly International Space Station missions.† Now planned for the 2030s, NASA’s first human mission to Mars will be fraught with new dangers such as deep space radiation, increased cancer risk, impaired vision, negative effects of extended space travel on human behavior and performance. Reality check: By the 2030s, there will still be no warp drives, transporters, replicators or other â€Å"Star Trek† wonders to help our Mars-bound astronauts get there faster and stay alive longer. In fact, as IG Martin notes, they might even run out of food. Running out of Food? Yes, even basic nutrition could become a big problem, according to the report, because: A mission to Mars and back will take at least 3 years, but the current maximum shelf life for NASA’s prepackaged foods is only 1.5 years.The vehicle carrying astronauts to Mars and back will probably be far smaller than the International Space Station, providing significantly less room for food storage.Periodic resupply missions carrying more food, like those currently serving the Space Station, will not be possible.Finally, NASA scientists do not know how deep space radiation will affect the quality, shelf life and nutritional value of food. While NASA is investigating resupply alternatives, including actually growing food in the Mars spacecraft, the IG stated, â€Å"Despite 35 years of experience with space flight and research in this area, NASA food scientists continue to face challenges from crew member weight loss, dehydration, and reduced appetite that can result in nutrient deficiencies both during and post mission.† Dangers and Costs of Dealing with Them Not Known While NASA has developed ways to deal with most of the risks of travel in low Earth orbit, many of the added risks associated with long duration space travel – like trips to Mars and back -- are not yet fully understood. In addition, taxpayers, IG Martin also found that NASA cannot accurately project the true costs of creating ways to deal with the Mars mission risks. In fact, the ability of NASA to pay for a manned Mars mission, safe or not, is questionable given its shrinking share of the annual federal budget, which Congress has shown no signs of enlarging any time soon. â€Å"NASA has taken positive steps to address the human health and performance risks inherent in space travel,† Martin wrote, adding, â€Å"Long duration missions will likely expose crews to health and human performance risks for which NASA has limited effective countermeasures. †¦ Accordingly, the astronauts chosen to make at least the initial forays into deep space may have to accept a higher level of risk than those who fly International Space Station missions.† A ‘Culture of Silos’ Dragging NASA Down In his report, IG Martin contends that NASA’s scientists and engineers are held back by their tendency to work in what he called a â€Å"culture of silos,† in which technical teams work and collaborate only with specialists within their own areas of expertise. In other words, not enough research data is being shared. â€Å"We found multiple examples of work taking place on health and human performance risks that suffered from such communication silos,† Martin wrote. According to the report, NASA’s has so far failed to give its astronaut life safety community a designated representative to work with the engineering, safety, and mission planning communities to ensure that issues of astronaut health and physical performance are fully and properly considered. IG Found Some Progress, But†¦ IG Martin did find that NASA had been taking some steps to lessen the risks of the Mars mission including a new Mars rover, set for launch in 2020, that will be able to extract and collect oxygen from thin Martian atmosphere and ways to grow food in the almost sterile Martian soil. African-American scientist and inventor Emmett Chappelle was integral in the first missions to Mars, developing a method of removing soil from the planet during the Viking program. However, Martin concluded that NASA must speed up its work on astronaut safety in order to meet its established manned Mars mission goals and timetables.

The Cry Of Tamar Of A Healthy Non Abusive Relationship

Pamela Cooper-White discuss very real situations while referencing the Tamar’s story. While, in my opinion, violence against women has decreased over the years, many women are still victims of violence. Cooper-White gives a quiz in her book The Cry of Tamar of a healthy non-abusive relationship. This was a little bit of an eye opener for me with the specific questions that are asked. While I know what a healthy relationship consist of, it made me realize that even more women than I originally thought are probably victims of an abusive relationship. There are some women that I work with now or over the past few years that everyone in the office thinks their spouse is a â€Å"jerk† or that they deserve better but never really thought of them as a victim. A lady that I worked with recently would have to call her husband and talk to him during her lunch hour because he believed that she was cheating on him. He would also control what she wore and would not like when she would have make-up on. Her spouse would think she wore make-up to attract other men. I knew the way he would treat her was not right but never once thought she was involved in an abusive relationship. Abusive relationships to me are relationships in which one is forced to participate in unwanted sexual advances or activities and physical abuse such as hitting, chocking etc. As I continued to read and understand more about violence against women, the myths of battered women shed more light. In a way I feel

The Real World of Strategy Formulation and Implementation

Question: Describe about the Strategic management? Answer: Introduction: Businesses implement many exorbitant corporate strategies in their business front .But are they 100% cost effective? That is the big question in todays world. Process researchers have found out through the help of much research that such strategy implementations are not producing the same results as expected. All executives in organizations know that strategy is important but they find it difficult to implement as they would be forced to encounter such a future that they have no clue about. One of the most important objectives of corporate strategy is to establish the organizations position in the industry relative to competitors. Strategies can be of many types such as retrenchment strategy, diversification strategy, divestment strategy, pricing strategy etc. A small company can apply a number of business strategies. The strategies that they implement could be different from those of their competitors. Diversification strategy is very useful as it is designed to improve opportunitie s for profitability and growth. A successful strategy may help an organization increase its sales volumes and gain revenue or an unsuccessful strategy may be the reason for a companys decline. Business strategies are unpredictable and unprecedented. In this essay I am going to discuss about different implications of business strategies and how it can create or destroy the future of an organization (Businessknowhow.com, 2015).Advantages of corporate strategies:Richard Lepsinger, President of On point Consulting once said that however good is a companys strategy it is of no use if it can execute it I the proper manner. I think that he have said the right thing. As we get plenty of examples where business empires have fallen down because of wrong strategy implementation we see even small businesses thriving because of a successful corporate strategy plan (Charityvillage.com, 2015). Thousands of small companies start up every year and the good news is most of them have learned what to d o in order to be successful in the first few years and that paved the way for them being successful enterprises in the future.Some of the common factors that all these small companies share are:1. Work/life balance2. Company culture3. Attitude4. Business strategy5. Financial roadmap6. Discipline7. Customer service8. Risk9. Business processes10. Marketing11. Information technology12. Sales13. Team of advisors and finally14. Training (David, 2005).Academicians and managers have developed many frameworks and models to help in strategic decision making. Michael porter, Harvard professor states three principles of corporate strategy .These are creating fit by aligning activities of the company with one another to support the chosen strategy, making trade-offs by choosing what not to do and creating a valuable and unique position. Dr. Vladimir Kvint has defined strategy as a system of formulating, finding and developing a doctrine that if followed faithfully will result in long term succe ss (Forbes, 2011).A business strategy can be described as a long term business planning. It generally covers a period of 3- 5 years. Business strategies are concerned with what level of investment to be done in a particular product for example the launching of pooh roo juice by coca cola in America. Strategies are also concerned about the scope of a business activity i.e. where and what the company produce .For example, the scope of BIC is focused on main three product areas razors, lighters and pens (Foss, 2007).There are mainly two main categories of strategies.1. Competitive strategies2. Generic strategiesOrganizations follow some types of generic strategies1. To purchase new assets, the expansion of the company is necessary, including development of new products and new businesses.2. Companies like coca cola, Cadbury, Gillette, and Schweppes are major mncs with operations all over the world.3. Retrenchment involves narrowing the scope of one or more business units for the overal l betterment of the company. The Americans call this as sticking to the knitting or concentrating on what you do best. Michael porters generic strategies describe how a company follows competitive advantage across its chosen market scope (Jeffs, 2008). Three generic strategies of porter are cost differentiation, focus and lower cost. Companies choose strategies like lower costs than their customers to attract customers or they differentiate themselves in some respects to command higher price over their competitors. They also concentrate on focus or selling their products in selected markets or segments or offering their products across many market segments (Managementstudyguide.com, 2015).There are also other types of integration .they are vertical integration, forward integration and backward integration.1. Vertical integration means the company uses more power over their suppliers and distributors in order to increase its revenue in the market place secure distribution channels or supplies and reduces transaction costs.2. Forward integration is a strategy where company gains control over their previous customers such as retailers and distributors.3. Backward integration is a strategy where a firm gains ownership over its previous suppliers (Opentuition.com, 2013).Diversification strategies are that strategy where a company expands its business forum by adding more markets or product lines within its business opportunity. The purpose of diversification is for the company to enter operations which are different from current operations of the company. When the new venture is strategically linked to the existing line of business it is called concentric diversification and conglomerate diversification is tat where the new business is completely unrelated to the old business.By the help of organizational strategies organizations fulfill their aims and aspirations. The company operates within four main elements of a successful strategy. The companys strengths, thei r weaknesses, their opportunities in the competitive environment and threats in the outside world. this four elements, strength, weakness, opportunity and threat together constitute of the SWOT analysis strengths and weakness are internal factors of the organizations which are easier to control than the opportunities and threats which lies in the outside world and is more difficult to control (Reliableplant.com, 2015).Ken Andrewss through his strategic model asked four basic questions about a company and its environment.1. What can the company do? 2. What does the company want to do? 3. What is that they have to do? And finally 4. What others expect the company to do?Another very strong strategy of companies is through mergers and acquisitions activity. Like for example face book acquired instagram in 2012 with a price of $ 1 billion. Instagram allows facebook to compete in a market where despite having no strong presence it helps to retain young users. Moreover, by buying instagram facebook has given a competitive edge to companies such as Microsoft, Google and other competitors.Being different from competitors is also an important aspect for business. Unless customers can differentiate your products from me- too competitors the company would have a hard time in sales. Business can do this by highlighting their products features, superior technology, heritage, styling, price or pedigree. The new apple I pad Air costs $274 which is more by $200 than competitors. Apple is being able to enjoy such high costs as it has been successful in differentiating its products from its competitors through display quality, lightness, engineering, software and finally ease of use. Disadvantages of corporate strategies: One of the easiest ways for organizations to lose credibility is to admit that they dont have a strategic plan. However, due to various obstacles like the recession many organizations cannot follow their strategic plan even if they do have one. So, it is very obvious that the plans that they are having have failed to predict the future of their organizations.The plan often fails to produce new insights. Sometimes it is never used. In some organizations strategic planning is nothing but is seen as a tool to engage board members and staffs by exposing them to the mission of the organization (Small Business - Chron.com, 2015).The uncertainty of strategic planning is not new. There is a famous saying that man proposes and God disposes (Yourarticlelibrary.com, 2015).William starbuck, a scholar said about the downside of planning that at often times strategic planning is little more than superstitious babble. The idea that planning can predict the future is nothing but a myth; it can avert any kind of problems but can never eliminate them. Some exciting business examples to prove that strategic planning cannot predict the future are:1. Coca cola began its career as a pharmaceutical product. It had launched products that are a cure for morphine, headaches, addiction, impotence and many other diseases.2. Raytheon started out as a refrigerator making company and later on went to become the creator of the first missile guidance system.3. Nokia began its career as a pulp mill that shipped to paper mills and later on became one of the greatest mobile phone makers.4. DuPont started out as an explosives company and later on became the manufacturer of Teflon non sticking cooking pans.5. Avon started as a door to door book selling company before starting as a cosmetics manufacturer.6. Oneida Silversmith was a religious communal cult with an exceptional communal lifestyle.7. General Nutrition Centers (GNC), started out as a yogurt company, selling sandwiches and yogurt before b ecoming one of the worlds leaders in sports nutrition, vitamin supplements and beauty products.These drastic changes were not predicted by any strategic plans.The myth about business strategy is that the more you plan the better will be your results. The reality is there is no relationship between the time spent in making business plans and the likelihood of success which will come after implementing it. Actually the reality is very different, the more the organizations plan, the worse is the result as they spend more time in the planning loop and unable to move to effective implementationAnother myth is that strategic planning is an arduous and painful process. It doesnt need to be painful if the right planning group makes the right approach. There is no way that a perfect plan gets perfect results. The time spent in getting the right plan is hardly worth the effort. The strategic management process is time consuming, complex and difficult to implement (Ã…Â ½akaitÄ—, Ã…Â ½akaitÄ— profile, 2013).1. Time consuming: managers spend a lot of time researching, preparing and communicating the strategic plans which disrupt day to day operations and impact the business negatively. For example, managers might overlook daily requirements. When issues are not solved in a timely manner it can result into high turnover for the company. This can compel the company to put aside the strategic planning and concentrate more on day to day operations.2. Complex process: Strategic management always needs to do a SWOT analysis, access long term and short term objectives, strategic control and organizational structure. These components are interrelated so change in one component will affect the other.3. Difficult to implement: The implementation process requires a clear communicated plan. It should be implemented n a way that requires active participation, full attention and accountability of members all over the organization. Managers must always supp ort and gain synergies from the employees to garner support for the companys mission and objectives.4. Skillful planning is required: An organization that needs to anticipate the future in order to plan head had to think of many risks and changes. The managers need to have the right skill sets, to avoid any pitfalls and mitigate risk factors (Worldanimal.net, 2015).There are many reasons behind the failure of strategic planning. They are:Lack of focus, lack of understanding, lack of energy, lack of accountability, lack of flexibility, lack of follow up, having the wrong people in leadership positions, writing the plan and shoving it on the shelf, partial commitment, inability or unwillingness to change, having a plan simply for plans sake. Conclusion: Businesses implement many exorbitant corporate strategies in their business front. . One of the most important objectives of corporate strategy is to establish the organizations position in the industry relative to competitors. Business strategies are unpredictable and unprecedented. It is time consuming, difficult to implement, and very complicated in nature. Strategic planning cannot predict the future. The future is unpredictable. Strategic planning can only provide with a cautious strategy to avoid any pitfalls in the future or so that the company can apply turnaround strategy if it ever have to come across any problems in the future. References: Businessknowhow.com,. (2015). The Top Five Reasons Why Strategic Plans Fail. Retrieved 17 February 2015, from https://www.businessknowhow.com/manage/splanfail.htmCharityvillage.com,. (2015). The Advantages and Disadvantages of Strategic Management. Retrieved 17 February 2015, from https://charityvillage.com/Content.aspx?topic=the_advantages_and_disadvantages_of_strategic_management#.VOLW8fmUeosDavid, F. (2005). Strategic management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall.Forbes,. (2011). 10 Reasons Why Strategic Plans Fail. Retrieved 17 February 2015, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/aileron/2011/11/30/10-reasons-why-strategic-plans-fail/Foss, N. (2007). Strategic belief management. Strategic Organization, 5(3), 249-258. doi:10.1177/1476127007079977Jeffs, C. (2008). Strategic management. Los Angeles: SAGE.Managementstudyguide.com,. (2015). Disadvantages of Planning. Retrieved 17 February 2015, from https://www.managementstudyguide.com/planning_disadvantages.htmOpentuition.c om,. (2013). ACCA P3 Advantages and disadvantages of strategic planning. Retrieved 17 February 2015, from https://opentuition.com/acca/p3/acca-p3-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-strategic-planning/Reliableplant.com,. (2015). Why strategic plans don't work ... and what to do about it. Retrieved 17 February 2015, from https://www.reliableplant.com/Read/15167/why-strategic-plans-don't-work-what-to-do-about-itSmall Business - Chron.com,. (2015). What Are Some Disadvantages of Strategic Management?. Retrieved 17 February 2015, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/disadvantages-strategic-management-80740.htmlWorldanimal.net,. (2015). Advantages and Disadvantages of Working in Coalitions. Retrieved 17 February 2015, from https://worldanimal.net/our-programs/strategic-advocacy-course-new/module-4/networking-and-alliances/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-working-in-coalitionsYourarticlelibrary.com,. (2015). What are the Advantages and Potential Disadvantages of Planning under Management?. Ret rieved 17 February 2015, from https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/management/what-are-the-advantages-and-potential-disadvantages-of-planning-under-management/3501/akait, G., akait, G., profile, V. (2013). Strategic Planning Insights: Advantages and Disadvantages of Strategic Planning. Strategicplanninginsights.blogspot.in. Retrieved 17 February 2015, from https://strategicplanninginsights.blogspot.in/2013/04/advantages-and-disadvantages-of.html

Snow Crash

The passage We are all susceptible to the pull of viral ideas. Like mass hysteria or a tune that gets into your head that you keep humming all day until you spread it to someone else.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Snow Crash- by Neal Stephenson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Theme-Technology and information The globe has noticed several crucial socioeconomic issues and writers consider it imperative to put these realistic issues into literal writing. One of the awesome books that everyone would like to read is the Snow Crash, which is an entertaining cyberpunk novel by Neal Stephenson. The antics used by Stephenson to reveal issues that sometimes affect the U.S society are credible with the novel portraying social and economic matters affecting the federal government of the United States. The story is set in one of the globally renowned American cities, viz. Los Angeles. The federal government decided to surr ender most of its authority to private entrepreneurs and organisations, which led to several controversies. Due to this aspect, the national governance went into wreckage. Private organisations started allowing individual sovereignty with the country witnessing several cases of increased drug trafficking, violent criminal offences, and traffic congestion. Mercenary armies and Highway companies started fighting for national services and resources for their selfish desires. Snow Crash begins with the main character, Hiro, the protagonist who suddenly discovers a pseudo-narcotic drug nicknamed â€Å"Snow Crash† offered in an exquisite Metaverse night club. The novel rests on ideally a fiction science. This cyberpunk novel portrays Snow Crash as a mysterious latest computer virus that has the capability of affecting not only computers, but also a hacker’s (human) brain. In the mean time, a drug with a similar name is gradually gaining prominence in Los Angles. Snow Crash a lmost declares the end of the world, with the powers of stopping it resting upon only the freelance hackers and the Mafia. The fast-paced detective work and speedy scenes involve several human issues including religion, ancient Sumerian myth, and archaeology touching on some Old Testament writings and history of monotheisms. Unfortunately, Hiro’s fellow hacker and a close friend fall victim to the Snow Crash effects, which forces Hiro to apply his cognitive, sword fighting, and computer hacking skills to discover and eliminate Snow Crash to stop it from causing further harm.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Stephenson’s Snow Crash unveils the reality about the rapidly growing world in the technological field where hackers have become part of the computerised world. Snow Crash reveals how computers and their applications coupled with other technological devices a re rapidly becoming part of human life with the dependence on these devices steadily surging. Currently, computer utilization has increased with a majority of offices globally depending on this device, which is a similar situation in the negative side that Stephenson notices how drug trafficking and other dirty behaviours are consuming the global social and political realm. Ideas and knowledge on the use of computers are becoming familiar to people with computer users enhancing their abilities to manipulate computerised activities. Directly correcting with how narcotic and other drugs affect the normal functioning of human beings’ brains, the newly introduced computer virus bears a similar nickname (Snow Crash) like the drug trafficking zone in the Metaverse nightclub. Snow Crash portrays how the world is heading towards a dystopian future of computerisation. This cyberpunk novel unveils how human beings just like computers harbour susceptibility towards viruses, thus portray ing how such viruses are capable of capturing and infecting both the human and the computer brain, hence taking control over them. The novel’s theme of cyberpunk also reveals how human beings have developed sudden â€Å"firmware† in their brains like computers, which reflects on the history of civilization in the Sumerian culture. Connection of this story to ancient Sumerian culture and the bible demonstrates how computer viruses have become powerful like the goddess Asherah in the Sumerian culture with their linguistic virus, forcing god Enki to provide possible remedies to avert the situation. Just the way Hiro rose against the dangerous computer virus that was capable of affecting both computers and people, god Enki managed to protect the people against Sumerians’ linguistic virus that affected the people of Sumer during the prehistorically era. Through his writing dexterity, Stephenson manages to capture the readers’ mind through the story of the prot agonist, Hiro, who uses his cognitive, physical, sword fighting, and computer information hacking skills to fight the spread of the Snow Crash. Just the way the social media has affected and shaped most of people’s social lives, Snow Crash demonstrates how Metaverse cyberpunk, as an online-shared link, causes issues in Los Angeles. As a contemporary issue in the globe, the theme of cyberpunk, which is a postmodern science that associates with information and technology, is eminent in the novel. After the government cedes most of its powers to the Franchises, who manipulate all government resources and practices poor governance, freelance hackers emerge.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Snow Crash- by Neal Stephenson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through their leader, Hiro, and his fellow hackers, readers understand how activities of hacking occurs including spreading dangerous computer viruses that caus e inconveniences to web users especially while using public terminals. Several computer viruses spread through sharing of Internet data. The current era in the field of information technology is increasingly facing challenges from several programmes and software emerging from various developers and users. Stephenson instils necessary computer knowledge to users that with time, just as the human brain suffers from various ailments, computers will bear more challenges than they did earlier due to human made computer viruses. Internet and computer hacking as portrayed in the novel do not only cause the spread of computer viruses, but pose great insecurity challenges to the Internet users and countries as well. Activities affiliated with Internet hackers have currently resulted in controversies between paramount security departments globally like the police, artificial intelligences, and the hackers. Serious Internet hackers are capable of lacerating important security details in a nati on and engaging in the intelligence business with insurgents including dangerous terrorists. In the novel, Hiro and the young girl engage in the intelligence business with the CIC, with the aid of intelligent skateboard posing serious threats to national security. Conclusion Snow Crash is a riveting cyberpunk novel that triggers the readers’ attention not only with its trivia and imaginations, but also from the lessons embedded in it. The novel provides the reader with great knowledge over contemporary issues involving technological advancement and the natural human brain. Ideally, information over technological devices is capable of traversing across a vast populace and psychologically affecting some individuals. Currently, the world social status feels the effect of increased consumption of social media sites (i.e. Google+, Twitter, and Facebook among others) as the novel portrays the use of Metaverse to produce a human-like simulation on the present 3D world. More often, t he novel has provided readers with knowledge based on computer application, where computer and human brains correlate in their functioning. Similar to a computer virus that has constantly caused problems to computer users, Snow Crash provides caution and knowledge on future Information technology within the globe.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Snow Crash- by Neal Stephenson was written and submitted by user Elements of Doom to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A rage in harlem Essay Example

A rage in harlem Essay Example A rage in harlem Paper A rage in harlem Paper Rage in Harlem Chester Homes When reading the book a Rage in Harlem by Chester Homes it brought me to the realization how language is not Just a way to communicate with people. But rather it can be used in harmful ways where people can be deceived, cheated on, pushed away, hurt, and etc. Language and communication is the strong connection it brings about between two people. Communication between person to person can either make a persons day or it can kill them inside where what was said and done to them will never be forgotten. In the first chapter off Rage in Harlem we see how in general Jackson and hank are cheating on the city in which they live in. Jackson, a colored man in the novel is in love with his girl Immovable and gives Hank, the only man who has the special paper to change the value of money, ten dollar bills to change into hundreds. We see how Jackson lies to the bank and tells them he won it playing a game and to check if it was real. Jackson has no fear or shame of what hes really is asking . When they get caught by the marshal, hank, immovable, and Jodie were able to run away. But as Jackson sits there getting arrested, he uses different techniques to get out of the mess he was in. The first technique he uses is Just this once, marshal, Eve never been arrested before Im a church man, I into dishonest. We see how he tries to show him he comes from a honorable place where he is honest and a true man of god . He tells him hes a respected man, hes a church gore. When Jackson sees that doesnt work he tried a different technique to tell him there brothers and that they should care about each other. He said you a colored an like me you ought to understand that . Since they were both black and both people who come from the same backgrounds and can understand each other, he tries to tell him to let him go this once there brothers as it says. Brothers are always there for each other. He also tells him where we poor colored people goanna get any money from? Jackson tries to get the marshal to understand that its hard to get a good paying Job having that color, and to try to understand where the temptation came from. When Jackson sees that nothing he is going to say is going to persuade he marshal to let him off the hook, he comes up with a different technique. He says marshal ill pay you two hundred dollars if you let me off automatically everything changed. Suddenly the marshal understands Jacksons temptations and knows where hes coming from and says but I can see that youre an honest man Just led astray by a women. And being youre a colored man like myself, give me two hundred bucks and ill let u off the hook . When you bring in the money, we see how easy it is for a person to loose his respect and what he believes in. Just slip him some money under he table and youre covered. What money does to us these days is scary. And how Jackson can tell the marshal that he was doing it to buy a coat and etc. For his wife. He shouldve taken responsibility and not blame it on others. In chapter 2 we also see how immovable has also been lying and maybe cheating on Jackson. Her sister Margin quotes and if you dont know by this time that she is a lying b****,you is a fool. immovable told Jackson she is waiting to get divorced to a man down south to get married to him. I mean who says shes not lying? If she lied about how she found Thats something Jackson has to sit down and think about and find out the truth behind all these lies.. In life, we see as many people try to get their way around things through different methods. Communication is a great thing but we have to be careful to not hurt people, and lie and deceive others, rather to use it the right way, because thats the only way you will make it life. You might get your way the first time around, but the next time it happens, youre going to be paying a much heavier price. Just do things the right way in life, its the way to go, and you will have a Joyous life!

How the character of Shylock is portrayed in The Merchant of Venice Essay Example

How the character of Shylock is portrayed in The Merchant of Venice Essay Example How the character of Shylock is portrayed in The Merchant of Venice Paper How the character of Shylock is portrayed in The Merchant of Venice Paper Essay Topic: Merchant Of Venice Play The Merchant of Venice is a play written by William Shakespeare in the late 16th century. There are many subplots as well as the main storyline, which adds depth to the story and helps to show different sides to the characters. The subplots also make the play appeal to a wider audience. Shylock, a wealthy Jew is one of the main characters. During the play his merciless and uncompassionate nature is revealed. The main storyline is about Bassanios journey to get to his lover Portia, he has to borrow money to travel from the moneylender Shylock and this makes his friend Antonio in trouble. There are many themes that run through the play, such as love, trust, hate, loyalty, family and anti-Semitism. Throughout the play Shakespeare uses language for figurative, poetic and dramatic effect, using soliloquies and other language devices. As the title suggest I will be looking at the moral and philosophical content and how Shylock could be viewed as a victim, villain and a comic character by an Elizabethan audience and how this is today. Shakespeare based Shylock on a Jew called Barubas in Christopher Marlowes play The Jew of Malta. He was a 2D stock villain who had no redeeming features. He went round poisoning Christians drinking water, this is what Elizabethans would be expecting Shylock to be like. This confirms what Elizabethans thought about Jews, that they are villains. However Shylock is a more rounded character he is a victim as well as a villain. As Shylock is a complex character the audience doesnt know how to feel, sympathy or hate. Shakespeare raises the moral question of how to treat Jews in society. In act 1 we see Shylock meeting with Bassanio to discuss a loan. Act 1 Scene 3 line 103-104 You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog, And spit upon my Jewish gaberdine. The audience is shown of Antonios hatred and insults towards Shylock. To an Elizabethan audience it would be humorous to insult Jews. Christians blamed Jews for the death of Jesus. Pontious Pilot (a King) gave the crowd of Jews the choice to crucify Jesus of a thief. The Jewish crowd saved the thief and killed Jesus so Christians feel they are in league with the devil. Christians feel they mus t punish the Jews for it and Christians feel that they must try and convert them to Christianity to save them. However this also portrays Shylock as a victim as it shows the prejudices against him. A modern audience would find this racist, anti-Semitism unacceptable. Shakespeare uses a simile here for figurative effect and to add layers of meaning and show Jews as an inferior species. Antonio also has other reasons to hate Shylock. As Antonio reveals in Act1 Scene 3 Line 86. Was this inserted to make interest good? Antonio is suspicious of Shylock and his religion. Elizabethans at the time thought of Jews as suspicious. Shylock lends money (usury) and charge interest, which Antonio hates. Elizabethans thought it was sinful to charge interest on loans. The bible says Its easier to pass a camel through a needle, than a rich man to go to heaven. This meant Christians were prejudice to moneylenders who charge interest like Shylock. Antonio has friends whose lives have been ruined by Shylocks interest. This also adds to the stereotypical image of Jews, as misers who are renowned for money lending. However this prejudice is not one sided. Act 1 Scene 3 Line 34. I hate him for he is Christian. Shylocks deep grudge is shown in his soliloquy. An Elizabethan Christian audience would think he was a villain wanting revenge. However a modern audience would feel more sympathetic towards Shylock as he has suffered years of torment. A modern audience would more likely side with Shylock unlike an Elizabethan audience. As Shylock finishes talking about Antonio he turns up, this is for dramatic effect. Shylock continues to show how much he hates the Christian religion. Act 2 Scene 5 Lines 14-15. But yet Ill go in hate, to feed upon The prodigal Christian. This shows how Shylocks hatred against Christians has been brewing up through out the play. Shylock is waiting for his chance to get revenge against Antonio and the Christian faith. When Bassanio wants a loan Shylock is given the perfect opportunity for revenge. Act1 scene 3 Line Be nominated for an equal pound, Of your fair flesh, to be cut off Shylock challenges Antonio to have such a forfeit so he could get revenge. Antonio is confident that his ships will come back on time. This further heightens the feeling that Shylock is a villain. Shylock in his soliloquy expresses his feelings about Antonio. Act1 Scene3 Line 38-39. If I can catch him once upon the hip, I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him. Shylock wants revenge for the prejudice that has been against him because of his religion and Job. He has been unfairly treated and wants revenge on Antonio and the Christian religion. Shylock wanting to hurt Antonio and Christians portrays him as a bloodthirsty villain. Shylocks conversation with Tubal reveals his intentions to get his revenge on Antonio. Act 3 scene 1 Line 91-92. I am very glad of it. Ill plague him, Ill torture him. Shylock is being Devious as he is planning to take the pound of flesh from Antonio slowly causing as much pain and suffering as possible. It shows how Shylocks revenge and anger has been building up. Shylocks lust for Christian blood further adds to the mood that he is a villain. When Antonio seals to the bond Shylock says. Act1 Scene 3 Line 153-154 O father Abram, what these Christians are, Whose own hard dealings teaches them suspect Shylock is celebrating his chance to get revenge. He believes that this is from the Jewish god to get back at Antonio and the Christian religion. An Elizabethan audience would find this comical. Shylock obeys law and order and lives by the law. Act 1 Scene 3 Lines 137-138 Go with me to a notary seal me there Your single bond, Shylock wants to make everything official and legally binding. Shylock does this to try and make sure Antonio cant get out of the deal and the forfeit. However later on in the play Antonio gets out of the forfeit so it could be seen as irony to an Elizabethan audience. Shakespeare continues to show Shylock as obsessed with the law. Act 4 Scene 1 line 202-203. I crave the law, The penalty and forfeit of my bond. Shylock is obsessed with the law and lives by it. Shylock believes the law is sacred and that everyone should respect the laws. As he is obsessed with the law it distances the audience from Shylock. However later on the laws hard do him, this creates the feeling that he is a victim. Shylocks daughter Jessica hates him, this adds to the audience idea that he is a villain. Act 3 scene 1 Line 69-70 I would my daughter were dead at my foot, and the jewels in her ear. Shylock wishes his daughter dead, which is a horrible thing for any father to say which adds to the feeling that Shylock is a villain. Shylock treats Jessica badly so she eloped and takes dowry money. Shylock would not allow Jessica to stay out late but after she eloped she stays out late spending money. Shylock is furious to hear of her spending and this adds to the fact that Shylock is a miser. Shylock wants his jewellery back he gave to her, this adds to the stereotypical image that he is a tight fisted miser. Stopping Jessica going out and having fun shows him as a killjoy. In Elizabethan times there were people trying to close down theatres, this is a link to Elizabethan society. The people watching the play would hate those who were trying to close down the theatres, so they would hate killjoys like Shylock. Shylock has no loving family as they have left him; this further serves to distance the audience from him. Shakespeare continues the theme that Shylock is a miser and tight fisted. Act 2 Scene 5 Line 18. I dream of money bags tonight. Shylock is obsessed by money, he dreams about it and his life revolves around money. On the other hand Shylock refuses the offer of money. Act 4 Scene 1 Line 223 Portia Shylock, theres thrice thy money offered Shylock rejects the offer of more money from Portia, as he is blood thirsty for revenge. Shylock justifies his actions by taki ng the forfeit of his bond. Shylock isnt interested in money he just wants revenge. The Merchant of Venice is like other Shakespeare plays in structure, in that it has five acts and has varied plots which is one of the reasons its such a popular play. The play is set in two cities, Venice and Belmont. Belmont is a fictitious city created by Shakespeare to create a contrast to the hard life in Venice. Its a feminine world where Portia and females are in charge and everyone is peaceful and helpful. Where as Venice is a more masculine city where there are Dukes and Lords who control the laws and there is also lots of violence and hate, this creates a contrast to Belmont. When Portia goes to Venice she has to dress up to be clever and beat Shylock at his own game. This adds to the feeling that Shylock is a villain and highlights the violence of Venice. Shakespeare uses prose and poetic language through the play. Prose is used for the characters of lesser importance whereas important characters, such as lords speak in poetic language. Shylock speaks in a mixture of prose and poetic language this is for poetic effect. When Shylock is a victim he speaks in poetic language. However when he is a villain he speaks in prose. This helps to create a different side to the character and creates dramatic effect in the scene. Shakespeare writes in Iambic pentamiter his play looks like a poem in structure, which is why it is difficult to understand.

Capital Budgeting Individual Project Assignment

Capital Budgeting Individual Project - Assignment Example Strategic planning is important to the future success of a business enterprise. Capital budgeting is one of the ways that can help a company achieve its long term success through proper planning. Lack of good road map that a strategic plan provides, may lead to misallocation of company resources through addressing short-term issues. This would in turn compromise the long term needs of the company. Necessary Information Sparklin Automotive Company (SAC) has been a successful company within the automotive manufacturing industry, operating since the last eight decades. The company has come up with an innovative idea to launch a new spark plug which offers an enhanced mileage to vehicles i.e. up to 100,000 miles. In order to initiate the new spark plug production, the company needs to set up a new manufacturing plant which would need to be analyzed financially in order to consider it viable for SAC. The entire setup would require information pertaining to the cash inflows and the cash ou tflows that would occur as a result of carrying out the production of the new spark plugs. The financial information that would be needed should only include the relevant costs that would only be attributed as a result of carrying out the new spark plug production. ... owing data would be used to evaluate the capital project: The new spark plug plant would need an initial investment of $1 billion in 2013, which would further be followed by another $500 million investment in 2014. The cash inflows that are expected as a result of this investment are: $300 million (2015), $350 million (2016), $385 million (2017), $400 million (2018), $450 million (2019), and $500 million (2020). All of these expected inflows are considered to be after-tax inflows. It is also expected that the new plant would not attract any Capital Gains; hence no tax savings would be gained. SAC’s current cost of capital is 10%. Capital budgeting The firm’s senior financial officers are faced with two important tasks in a firm. One of the tasks is to make decisions for improving the company’s return on equity. The other task is to find adequate funds for investment opportunities that may arise (Dayananda, 2002). Capital budgeting is the process in which a busine ss management determines whether projects such as long-term investment or building a new plant are worth undertaking. Basically, business should pursue all opportunities and projects that will increase shareholder’s value. However, because of limited nature of capital available for new projects, management needs to implement capital budgeting techniques to determine which will result to high return on a given period of time. Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) Weighted Average Cost of Capital is the calculation of a firm’s cost of capital that involves proportionate weighting of each and every category of capital. When calculating the firm’s weighted average cost of capital, all capital stock such as preferred stock, common stock, bonds, and any other long-term debt are all included. The formula

Biography, a Fascinating Instrument of Learning History Introduction Essay

Biography, a Fascinating Instrument of Learning History Introduction - Essay Example Biographies are important due to the imperative role they play in mentoring us. When we read other peoples story, we gain an insight of the challenges they faced and how they managed to succeed. When in a predicament, reading a story of someone who was once faced by the same predicament could encourage you and offer a solution to the problem at hand. People like reading biographies of people in their career to act as a source of motivation. For example, an aspiring author reading the memoir of a great writer gets inspired and aim at writing a more fascinating work. Biographies seek to analyze the events in a person’s life thus by reading them we get to be acquainted with them better and are able to connect. Other people find biographies enticing due to their content, which is predominantly enlightening. It is also through biographies that we gain experience, lessons, as well as tips to a successful future. Biographies lean more on positive achievements thus when we read them w e become enthusiastic to better ourselves. In conclusion, biography is and will always remain one of the most educating, informative and motivating resource. Their comprehensiveness remains one of their supreme aspects of learning history. Rhetoric Techniques Used By Advertisers to Market Products Introduction The television commercial is about a newly invented washing detergent. Featuring are a mischievous pupil, his mother and a neighbour. This essay describes the commercial and analyzes rhetorical techniques applied in the commercial. The commercial starts with the boy on his bed thinking of an incredible tomfoolery to use to avoid attending school the following day. Suddenly, he nods his head, walks to the kitchen cabinet, and comes back tomato paste. He hurriedly opens his wardrobe removes his clean white shirts, smudges them with the paste, and returns them back. Later in the afternoon, his mother comes to find collect the shirts for ironing and is perplexed by the stained shi rts. She rushes out to the neighbour’s house where she supposes the boy could be but instead meets only the neighbour. When she explains her predicament, the neighbour enters into an adjacent room and comes out with a bottle. She explains that inside it, is a detergent that cleans out all the stains, but retains the bright colours. She lends her the detergent to wash the shirts. Early the following morning, the mother comes to wake the boy who smile cunningly and tell the mother he does not have a clean shirt to go to school. The mother removes her hands from the back and she is holding white smartly ironed shirts. He rhetorically asks, â€Å"But mum, how did you clean the hard stains?† the neighbour immediately walks in holding the bottle with the detergent and displaying clearly written name of the detergent. She concludes the advertisement when she says. â€Å"Stains disturbing you? Here comes your ever lasting solution.† The rhetorical techniques include the failure of the boy realizing the mother removed and washed the shirts, the boy unwittingly declares he was behind the mischief. It is also rhetoric when the neighbour walks in suddenly to reveal the detergent. To conclude this essay, rhetoric techniques are very important in television commercials as they make prospective customers yearn to watch the entire advertisement. This thus markets the product more. Poetry Trying to define poetry is like chasing after the air, the moment you imagine you have it in

Dreamliner 787 Case Essay Example for Free

Dreamliner 787 Case Essay Tara Lentini Week 3 Case Assignment Boeing: Dreamliner 787 Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications for Boeing and its customers? The market structure for the Dreamliner is that of an oligopolistic nature which means there are few aircraft manufactures who sell large quantities to its buyers. With Boeings biggest competitor Airbus unable to compete with the Dreamliner product, Boeing has the chance to take over the market for commercial aircraft. The demand for the Dreamliner is derived demand. Due to customer demand for comfortable fair priced airline travel, the demand for the Dreamliner will increase. Customers demand comfort during air travel and the Boeing Airliner promises added luxuries that will increase customer purchases to those airlines with a Dreamliner aircraft. The chief project manager for the Boeing, Tim Cogan stated, Its not Just an evolutionary step it borders on revolutionary. This statement is supported by many industry insiders. Kotler Armstrong, 2010, p188) With such support, the emotions of the airline companies umped at the chance to place an order even with the understanding that the estimated time for delivery was at least 4 years and there was little research to support some of the added luxury amenities. What examples of the major types of buying situations do you see in the case? Discuss the implications of each in terms of marketing strategy? A new-task purchase is seen with the Dreamliner due to the fact that it is a new product being sold by Boeing. The buying team is comprised of numerous members and the team must decide on specifications regarding the product. The marketer (Boeing) tries to reach as many key buying influences as possible but also provides help and information. (Kotler Armstrong, 2010, pl 73) The amenities of the Dreamliner will assist the buying team in making a decision whether or not the Dreamliner would be a good investment for the company and if so, how many to order. A straight rebuy is also seen in this case. Boeing listed the airliner at a price of $162 million with few customizable options for its buyers. (i. e. seating arrangements). Many aircraft buyers may have already been customers f Boeing and are familiar with their business. A straight rebuy is defined by Kotler and Armstrong as the buyer reorders something without any modifications. Once the buyer purchases the aircraft the straight rebuy buying situation will result in a quicker sale with fewer individuals making a decision on options and product specifications. List the specific features of the Dreamliner. What customer benefits result from each? PASSENGER BENEFITS: 60% quieter than other planes in its class It is always nice to sleep on a plane however, when seated near the engine it is difficult to rest due to the noise. Many corporate travelers will enjoy this benefit with the late and early morning travel legs. With the added legroom there will no longer be a need to specifically sit in the isle and more options that will equal the comfort of isle seats will come available. Lighting that automatically adjusts to time zone shifts Changing time zones can be difficult for anyone Circadian rhythms, which are the internal clock we all have which tells us when we it is time for bed and when it is time to rise. These clocks are not easily adjusted when changing time zones. The Dreamliner will posse lighting that imulates sunrise and twilight which will assist its passengers adjust to the change in time zones. (Micke, 2010) Higher cabin pressure and humidity reducing common flying symptoms such as headaches, dry mouth, and fatigue. All of these symptoms are not what most passengers look forward to; knowing the Dreamliner decreases these symptoms will make it a preferred aircraft for many passengers. Large overhead storage bins It is always daunting not knowing if your carry on will fit into the overhead storage bins. We have all witnessed a passenger beating their luggage esperately hoping it will pop in before the flight attendant comes by to take it to be stored in the cargo area. 19 inch self-dimming windows This is a wonderful feature for those who prefer a window seat but have to fght the sunlight to enjoy their flight. Wireless internet and entertainment system many travelers use the internet to stay connected while away. This option will give business travelers the ability to complete business while on the road. Time sensitive information can be conducted in-flight and travel will no longer be a burden for business travelers. The non-business travel can stay connected with family and friends to inform of flight status and arrival time. Also, wireless access will assist the passenger with passing the time during air travel. AIRCRAFT BUYER BENEFITS: For the buyer of a Dreamliner Aircraft, the marketing aspect will be a breeze. Passengers are always looking for comfort when flying and this aircraft offers many luxury amenities. Airlines with a Dreamliner in their roster will have the ability to sell luxury air travel to its passengers without the luxury cost. The Dreamliner will offer a ighter aircraft resulting in less fuel needed for flights. This aircraft could replace outdated aircrafts that are no longer economically fit. The 787 will expand non-stop markets for its customers with a fuel range of 8,500 nautical miles and a maximum speed of Mach . 5. (Kotler Armstrong, 2010, p187) Also, the Dreamliner offers passenger capacity of 210 to 330 depending on seating arrangement ordered by the customer. With multiple configurations, the buyer of the aircraft has the option to decide what seating confguration would best meet their airline needs. For example, Southwest Airline only offers economy class, so they would order a Jetliner with one type of seating confguration. There is no need for Southwest to ord er a Jetliner with first or business class on a Dreamliner. Other airlines may find it necessary to order multiple aircrafts with different seating arrangement to best meet its marketing and customer needs. Discuss the customer buying process for a Boeing airplane. In what major ways does this process differ from the buying process a passenger might go through in choosing an airline? The buying process for an airline placing an order or a Dreamliner would first have to recognize a need for a new aircraft offering the retire due to age may look at the Dreamliner as good solution to add new innovative products to their fleet. Next the buyer would have to recognize the general specifications and quantity needed of an item. Here a buyer of the aircraft would consult engineers and technical personnel to discuss the options available on the Dreamliner Aircraft. For example, the technical staff should be consulted regarding the wireless entertainment system on a Dreamliner. The control tower may need odifications to ensure interference will not be an issue with this type of system. Product specifications needed to meet the airlines customer and marketing needs would have to be listed. In this process, the team decides on the best product characteristics and specifies them accordingly. (Kotler Armstrong, 2010, p177) As for the Dreamliner, the airline would specify the seat options available. For example, Southwest Airlines only offers economy seating for their passengers. If Southwest chooses to purchase a Dreamliner, they would specify one seating option or their aircraft. Once the order is placed for a Dreamliner, the buyer should conduct a performance review to ensure the product will be delivered on time and to ensure they are aware of any problems that may arise. At this stage of the buying process the buyer assesses the performance of the supplier and decides to continue, modify, or drop the arrangement. (Kotler Armstrong, 2010, p179) Most passengers choosing an airline are looking for the least expensive direct flight to their destination. The buying process for an airline ticket for a few hundred dollars is ess complex than that of purchasing an aircraft for over one hundred million dollars. Many travelers have a preferred airline and do not shop around for deals. They use the preferred airline and earn air miles towards free flights. As for me, I do not have a preferred airline, however I do enjoy Southwest because of first come first serve seating. Yet, most travelers will look at price first, direct flight possibilities, and airport location before booking a flight. There is little thought that goes into aircraft options when a ticket is purchased. What marketing recommendations would you make to McNerney as he continues to try to resolve the problems with the 787 Dreamliner program? McNerney needs to stay fully involved in the operations of the Dreamliner to ensure all suppliers and manufactures are completing production on time. Performance reviews of the suppliers must be taken seriously and the decision to drop or modify the arrangement must be made in a timely fashion. With 70 percent of the work being outsourced to dozens of partnering firms, he cannot be blinded by incomplete or inaccurate production. The longer it takes to assess the supplier performance the longer the delay in production and delivery will be for the Dreamliner.

Chistopher Reeves Essay -- essays research papers

What it means to be a Superman Born on September 25, 1952, native New Yorker Christopher Reeve has lead a life of stardom, coupled with a life of tragedy. Leading a very successful film career, Reeves was on top of the world, until the fifth day of May of nineteen ninety-five. On this day, Reeves life would change forever. However, no tragedy could stop a true Superman. Attending Princeton day academy Reeves was a success from the beginning. His natural talent and charisma made him a shoe-in for the lead in many school plays. Says Reeves "I never once asked my self, who am I, or what am I doing here...right from the beginning the theater was like a home to me." At the age of 16, Reeves already had an agent. While touring the country, Chris decided to pursue a college education. And, thanks to an understanding agent was able to continue his work as a professional actor. "Scheduling gigs around my classes." By nineteen-seventy-six he was starring with Katherine Hepurn on Broadway, and had become in such demand that he gave up his last year at Julliard. After screen testing for the nineteen seventy-eight movie Superman, he was given the lead role as Clark Kent/Superman. Reeve was an outstanding Superman both on and off the screen. He made Clark Kent/Superman a believable character, says Reeves "somebody you can take home and introduce to your parents". This part was just like Reeve, A d...

National Territory

This experience Is part of my most memorable happenings In my life. Meeting other people In an unexpected time and place. Asking their piece of trust and time to asks some questions Is such a thrilling and a little bit awkward experience but honestly I really enjoy this actively with my classmates. By the way, the man that I'm with In the picture is Mr.. Abraham. He is a tourist here in the Philippine.He is a designer, 24 years old, living in united Arab Emirates. He was with his family at that time I conduct an interview with him. He is a nice and approachable person. Honestly the time I approached him, He was wearing shades and during our interview he take off his shade and I was really captured in his pleasing eyes. He is really handsome with a good tone of voice. He's religion is Muslim. I also like his sense of humor because, He didn't tell me first his true age but when IM going to write the first age that he said, e stopped me and asking me† am I really look like 21 year s old? And I say yes you do look younger than 21 and he really laughed about it. Another is that I share also that my mother was also converted into Muslim and he asked me and tapped my back while he Is laughing at me, If I have also a plans to be converted into Muslim but I answered No.

Green Organization

Green organization and its recruitment policies Introduction If the recruiters are thinking of creating a congruent and authentic employment brand which can help your organization attract, retain and repel employees, there comes the relevance of the word â€Å"green recruiting†. Recruiting, the most important function of HR, which entails attracting the right person for the right job at the right time, is changing its color. Organizations are trying to tap every bit of opportunity, wanting to look different and make a good impression, so that the right candidates with the environment friendly bent of mind apply for jobs. Companies large and small are seeing a significant increase in the ROI of their recruitment and retention programs by creating an employment brand. One deliverable of a significant employment brand is green recruiting practices. This is not a â€Å"flavor of the month† or a new concept. Fortune 500 companies have been doing it for years. Continuously hearing words like eco-friendly, green, environment etc for the past few years, even the young generation has also attracted towards this concept. So they are also looking for an organization which is environment friendly. In June, 2007 Dr John Sullivan wrote, â€Å"While candidates of all generations have begun evaluating potential employers based on their â€Å"greenness† few in recruiting have leveraged this hot topic in recruitment communication and activities†. He goes on to say, â€Å"Individual recruiters need to make the firm’s environmental stance a critical element of their sales pitch to potential applications and candidates†. The time has come for all employers to assess the degree of ‘greenness’ in which they operate. So, all the companies now a days are trying to portray themselves as eco friendly companies. Organizations like Google and Timberland have made concerted efforts in portraying themselves as environment friendly organizations, having programs that support environment issues. Such programs include: extending $5,000 subsidies for employees who buy hybrid cars, dining facilities that serve organic food, charitable contributions to organizations that fight global warming, on- site composting of food waste and using fuel and solar power etc. Wipro have made concerted efforts in portraying themselves as environment friendly organizations, having programs like launching a new range of eco-friendly desktops and laptops. The Wipro Greenware range is compliant with RoHS (Restriction of hazardous substances) directive, thereby reducing e-waste. Why green recruiting? It’s good to be Green. That's what a lot of companies are finding, as they integrate environmentalism and sustainability into their corporate culture. Not only is environmentalism good for the community and the planet, it can help employees reduce waste and operate more efficiently. Companies tout their environmental initiatives in annual reports, core values, community activities and even advertising. Yet, companies often fail to leverage their environmental efforts in one key area: and that's recruiting, meaning they are missing a key opportunity – as studies show a commitment to environmentalism and sustainability can be a factor the most desirable candidates weigh when choosing an employer. ? Studies have shown that many Gen Y and college grads are concerned, or at least conscious, about how their behavior impacts the environment. What they consume, how it is packaged, what they drive and where they live are conscious choices that are made every day. In the context of employment branding, green information should be positioned appropriately on the company website, career page or in a recruitment video. This approach can be a significant differentiator for a company that is interested in attracting top talent. There is no argument that the demand for sustainable practices is increasing. †¢ 80% of current employees want to work for a â€Å"good company† (one that has a good reputation for environmental responsibility) and this percentage is expected to grow to 90% in the next 10 years. (Corporate Environmental Behavior and the Impact on Brand Values – Tandberg, 2007. †¢ 77% of recent MBA graduates would forego some income to work for a firm with a credible sustainability strategy. (Stanford Graduate School Study, 2007). †¢ Companies that use sustainable business practices are approximately 3% more profitable than those that don’t. (empirical analysis 2007 – Innovest Strategic Advisors. ) ? College graduates are increasingly seeking a company that is environment friendly. According to the survey commissioned by Maynard, mass based on-line board’s decision for college students, 80% of them opined that they are interested in a job that has a strong and positive influence on the environment. Many institutes now offer a dedicated discipline, called â€Å"sustainability†, in the US in order to cater to the needs of student’s overarching demand for fusing business with environment. Things have to a point where jaw- dropping salaries are banished to the back burner and â€Å"going green† has soared in importance, while graduates figure out their employers to be. ? Global candidates are deeply fascinated about it. Countries like Germany, Australia, and Finland are very much attached to the eco- friendly concept. So, if the companies want to recruit global candidates, they must do much more to reach the expectation of these students when it comes to environment. ? Company’s reputation can be increased by being eco friendly. People would prefer to buy the products sold by socially responsible company. Suppliers may prefer doing business with such companies. New alliances and partnerships they can make with other organization to reduce pollution and to protect the Mother Nature. Greenest companies in India A survey conducted by BT- AC Nielsen ORG-MARG, ranked Oil and Natural Gas Company (ONGC) the greenest company followed by Reliance Industries. Overall, the oil and petroleum sector was considered the greenest sector in India. BPCL, Castrol India and HPCL are other companies in this sector that were rated green companies in the survey. The private sector companies were in a majority (13 out of 20) in the list of Top 20 greenest companies in India. India’s software companies are also considered green companies. IT companies are allowed to set up their offices within the city limits. This is because they do not harm the environment. Johnson and Johnson Ltd. , Chillibreeze, IBM, LG Electronics, PNB, Tata Motors and Hero Honda Motors are some of the other green companies in India. These companies not only emphasized upon one another the importance of adopting green technologies, but also of addressing the issues of safety, health, environment and social obligations. So, to implement all these green practices companies should train their employees properly. Through training, to some extend they can make their employees follow go green slogan. But if they don’t have real interest in this concept, these companies can’t make it a great success. That is the reason why they should give more importance to green recruiting which will enable them to obtain right kind of a person for right job and for right organization. Steps to Implement Green Recruiting ? Identify candidate decision criteria: Start by holding focus groups at industry conferences to identify what â€Å"green† factors would be important to individuals seeking new jobs. Next, ask candidates during interviews and on the Web site to list their decision criteria. During orientation, ask those who accepted jobs what criteria they used to make the decision. Finally, contact those who rejected your offers three to six months down the line to identify positives and negatives. Use this information to modify your recruiting processes and focus. Benchmark: Search the Web, benchmark with college recruiters and work with recruiting consultants to identify the best practices of other firms. Use this competitive analysis to gauge your success and to plan your future actions. ? Your Web site: Make sure that both â€Å"what you do† and the results of those efforts are prominent on your corporate careers Web site. Include your recycling statistics, as well as whether you are carbon neutral, limit greenhouse gases or win environmental awards. Include narrative or video profiles of your environmentally conscious employees. If your company policies allow, link your corporate jobs site on major (but primarily nonpolitical) environmental Web sites. ? Be talked about. If you have a strong environmental record, it's important to get â€Å"written up† in business, professional and industry publications as well as in newspapers and on TV. Work with the PR department to identify which of your practices are most likely to be appealing to the media and designate an individual to be available for interviews. ? Recruitment advertising. Advertise in magazines that candidates who are sensitive to the environment are likely to read. Highlight in your recruitment ads a few â€Å"eye-catching† facts and any environmental awards you might have won. If you use brochures or paper recruiting materials, make sure they're from recyclable stock and that it says so on the document. ? Job descriptions. Make sure that, where possible, job descriptions for high-volume hiring positions include responsibilities for minimizing negative environmental impacts. This is critical because if job seekers don't see being environmentally friendly integrated into â€Å"every job† at the company, they might see your â€Å"green recruiting† as merely a PR effort. If you're really serious, include knowledge of environmental impacts under the skills-required section of your job descriptions. ? Interviews. Provide managers with â€Å"green† fact sheets to use during interviews. If you are really aggressive, provide candidates with a side-by-side comparison showing how your firm's environmental record is superior to other firms they might be considering. ? Sourcing. One of the best ways to strengthen your environmental image is to hire lots of environmentally friendly employees who can spread your â€Å"green† story through word of mouth. Have your recruiting team identify the sources that produce the highest-quality environmentally friendly candidates. Source at environmental organizations (i. e. , Sierra Club). Also, recruit at environmental events and use subscription lists from green publications for e-mail and direct-mail recruiting. ? Employer referrals. Having your employees spreading the word will help both recruiting and product sales. If you have the resources, proactively seek out employees who are highly visible in environmental circles and ask them specifically to talk up your firm, to seek out candidates and to provide you with names. Awards. Winning awards for excellence is always a major element of building an employment brand, so obviously winning â€Å"environmental† awards should be a major element of your strategy. ? Advisory group. Ask the advice of six to eight environmentally friendly employees about measuring the quality of the message you are sending and how to reach and convince more a pplicants of your strong â€Å"green† record. ? Products. Obviously, applicants want to know that the products they are helping to produce are environmentally friendly. This means putting pressure on product advertising and marketing to include in your product ads and packaging the fact that your products are eco-friendly. In some industries, how you treat vendors and outsourced work can be important (i. e. , Starbucks, Nike). ? Value statements. Make sure that your corporate goals, values and even corporate business objectives include environmental elements. ? Annual report. Because some applicants take the time to read your annual report, make sure it includes sections that highlight your environmental record and the fact that you recruit environmentally friendly employees. If your firm uses bio-diesel fuel, pays fair market value to suppliers, is energy-efficient or if it buys â€Å"carbon offsets,† highlight these selling points. ? Employee benefits. Consider adding holistic health options, paid time to volunteer for environmental causes, matching donations to green causes, and support for alternative transportation options to your benefit package. ? Reward criteria. Include this factor in the performance-appraisal system for all employees. Obviously, use it as a hiring criterion, but also use it as a critical element in promotions, bonuses and pay increases. Develop metrics and rewards. Because whatever you measure improves and adding rewards to the equation makes the behavior improve even faster, your green-recruiting effort must have metrics and rewards tied to it. Some of the metrics you want to include are the percentage of candidates aware of your strong environmental record, the number who rejects offers because of a poor record and the percentage of new hires who say your environmental record was one of their top-five reasons for accepting the offer. Hold post-exit interviews with your top performers to identify whether environmental factors contributed to their exit. Benefits†¦ When your employees volunteer an environmental clean up effort, getting their picture in the local media serves a dual purpose. Employees receive a form of public recognition for their efforts, and it creates a positive public image. This will also add to the company’s corporate social responsibility practices. Retention efforts can be improved by including creative benefits that specifically address green concerns. Some examples include holistic health benefits, paid time to volunteer for environmental issues, financial support for alternative transportation options such as bus passes or rebates for purchasing hybrid cars, organic snack options in the employee break area, and matching employee contributions to environmental causes. By doing so, company can achieve goodwill as well as can retain and attract employees through its unique benefits offered to them. Conclusion Employees are searching for an authentic work experience where their personal values are in alignment with the organization’s values. Companies that do not give consideration to being green, or just provide â€Å"green washing† lip service may be passed over by potential candidates who don’t wish to be associated with that kind of an organization. To know, whether your company is exactly working on so called ‘green atmosphere’, following questions need to be answered: †¢ Do you have an environmental policy? Is it posted your career site? †¢ Do you have a recycling program? If so are you tracking (and communicating) the amount of money you save and landfill space you have freed up? Are you using recyclable stock on your recruiting materials? †¢ Is sustainability one of our core organizational values? If so, is it listed on your website? †¢ Have you built in any environmental accountability into your performance appraisal system? †¢ Do you incentivize employees in any way to support your environmental policies? †¢ If your company has a reward system involving r edeemable points, do you offer a green option, such as pledged donations to an earth friendly cause? It is necessary for HR Managers to include firm’s eco-friendly messages with the firm’s recruitment process and employer brand. If your business can brag about its environmental savvy, be sure to tell applicants. And don’t just rely on your Web site. Get quoted in articles about environmental initiatives, Use word-of-mouth, asking employees to spread the environmental message, Place job advertisements in magazines read by your target applicants, Provide environmental talking points to emphasize during the interview process, Win environmental awards and attend environmental conferences. Green recruiting helps the company to have its on identity in its recruitment practices when compared to all the other companies. Finally, just as with other goals, the only way to know the long term effects of going green on the company’s employment brand is to review appropriate HR metrics including effects on recruitment, retention, employee satisfaction, and productivity. Reference: 1. Bauer N Talya, Smith Aiman Lynda (1996). Green Career choices: The influence of ecological stance on recruiting, Journal of Business and Psychology. Retrieved July 14, 2010 from http://www. springerlink. com/content/p7716gg4715017j0/ Felton O Brien (2007). Debating Green Recruiting. HR Executive online. Retrieved July 22, 2010 from http://www. hreonline. com/HRE/story. jsp? storyId=46706256 Huff Charlotte (2007). Green Recruiting Helps Bring in Top Talent. Workforce Management Online. Retrieved July 20,2010 from http:// www. workforce. com/section/06/feature/25/06/24/index. html Huff Charlotte (2007). Highlighting your Green. Workforce Management Online. Retrieved July 22,2010 from https://www. orkforce. com/section/06/feature/25/06/24/250626. html 5. Lizz pellet (2008). Green Recruiting: Cashing in on the Green to Enhance Your Employer branding efforts. Best practice institute. Retrieved July 15, 2010 from https://bestpracticeinstitute. org/public/doc/GreenRecruiting-CashinginontheGreentoEnhanceYourEmploymentBrandingEfforts. pdf Steere Vicki (2009). Employment brand goes green. Jobing foundation. Retrieved July 25,2010 from http ://jobingfoundation. org/2009/07/ 7. Sullivan John (2007). Steps to Implement Green Recruiting. HR Executive Online. Retrieved July 15, 2010 from http://www. hrexecutive. com/HRE/story. jsp? storyId=26541280 8. Sullivan John (2007). Green Recruiting: Building Your Environmental Employment Brand. HR Executive Online. Retieved July 17,2010 from – http://www. ere. net/2007/06/04/green-recruiting-building-your-environmental-employment-brand/ 9. http://www. careerxroads. com/news/updates/0209. asp. Retrieved July25, 2010 10. http://www. qualigence. com/Yaffe/newsletter/articles/tt/tt_121707. html. Retrieved July27, 2010

Canadian Senators Salaries 2015-16

Canadian Senators Salaries 2015-16 There are normally 105 senators in the Senate of Canada, the upper house of the Parliament of Canada. Canadian senators are not elected. They are appointed by the Governor General of Canada on the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada. Salaries of Canadian Senators 2015-16 Like MPs salaries, the salaries and allowances of Canadian senators are adjusted on April 1 each year. For the 2015-16 fiscal year, Canadian senators received an increase of 2.7 percent. The increase is still based on an index of wage increases from major settlements of private-sector bargaining units which is maintained by the Labour Program in the federal Department of Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC), however there is a legal requirement that Senators be paid exactly $25,000 less than MPs, so the percentage increase works out a bit higher. When you look at Senators salaries, dont forget that while Senators do have a lot of traveling, their working hours arent as strenuous as those of MPs. They dont have to campaign to get re-elected, and the Senates schedule is lighter than in the House of Commons. For example, in 2014, the Senate sat on just 83 days. Base Salary of Canadian Senators For the fiscal year 2015-16, all Canadian Senators made a basic salary of $142,400. This was up from $138,700, which was the previous term salary. Extra Compensation for Additional Responsibilities Senators who have extra responsibilities, such as the Speaker of the Senate, the Leader of the Government and the Leader of the Opposition in the Senate, government and opposition whips, and chairs of Senate committees, receive additional compensation. (See chart below.) Title Additional Salary Total Salary Senator $142,400 Speaker of the Senate* $ 58,500 $200,900 Leader of the Government in the Senate* $ 80,100 $222,500 Leader of the Opposition in the Senate $ 38,100 $180,500 Government Whip $ 11,600 $154,000 Opposition Whip $ 6,800 $149,200 Government Caucus Chair $ 6,800 $149,200 Opposition Caucus Chair $ 5,800 $148,200 Senate Committee Chair $ 11,600 $154,000 Senate Committee Vice-Chair $ 5,800 $148,200 *The Speaker of the Senate and the Leader of the Government in the Senate also get a car allowance. In addition, the Speaker of the Senate receives a residence allowance. Canadian Senate Administration The Canadian Senate remains in the throes of reorganization as it attempts to cope with the   problems that arose from the initial expenses scandal that centered on Mike Duffy, Patrick Brazeau, and Mac Harb, who are were trial, and Pamela Wallin, who was also under RCMP investigation. Added to that was the impending release of a comprehensive two-year audit by the office of Michael Ferguson, the Auditor General of Canada. That audit covered the expenses of 117 current and former Senators  and recommended that about 10 cases were  referred to the RCMP for criminal investigation. Another 30 or so cases of problematic spending were discovered, primarily having to do with travel or residency expenses. The Senators involved were either required to repay the money or   able to take advantage of a new arbitration system arranged by the Senate. Former Supreme Court Justice Ian Binnie was named as an independent arbitrator to settle disputes the affected Senators had. One thing that became clear from Mike Duffy trial was that Senate procedures have been lax and confusing in the past, and will need a lot of effort for the Senate to handle the public outrage and to get things on an even keel. The Senate is continuing to work on improving its processes. The Senate does publish quarterly expenditure reports for Senators.

Why Awe Matters More Than Quantity

Why Awe Matters More Than Quantity DailyGood.org is a favorite site of mine. It takes life, slows it down, and teaches me how to give it more substance and deep down quality. It makes me ponder my existence. We all need that periodically. Maybe we need it more often than that. This post stopped me longer than most, Why We Need To Cultivate Awe In The Workplace.  dailygood.org/story/1342/why-we-need-to-cultivate-awe-in-the-workplace-homaira-kabir/ Humans crave to be part of something larger than self . . . and once we think about it, we actually call it awe. We teach it to our children, or in many cases, we remember it Awe is akin to soul. I believe that when we sense something bigger than ourselves, when awe stops us in our tracks, we are tapping into our soul. We allow that door to open a tad, letting out emotion  we are often afraid to embrace. As adults we tend to guard ourselves, fearful of letting down the wall. As stated in this piece, when we sense awe, We see our fragility and vulnerability, which gives us a profound sense of humility. We dont like feeling fragile or vulnerable, and all too often, we let that fear inhibit us in how we write, how we publish, and how we market ourselves. Yet, we are in awe of those authors who dare to write a daring tale, expose their inner thoughts, and throw themselves before the publics eye. And the author who writes the memorable story is revered more than the author who wrote 15 stories and made money, though we cannot recall the characters. We should strive to be in awe of our work, and awe-struck

Collabrative working with parents and others Essay

Collabrative working with parents and others - Essay Example This report shows among other details: the child's progress report annually; tabulation of performance of local schools and regular updates on their child's school from private inspectors. The government’s Education Act governs all schools in relation to their provision of educational needs, especially to the distinctive educational disadvantaged pupils, to ensure that such children receive an education that is of the same quality as their counterparts in the mainstream educational system. The Education Act ensures the involvement of parents in the learning process by encouraging them to express their views. They are also encouraged to act on their parental concerns whenever troubled about their children’s wellbeing in the school environment. The government has increased speculation in families and young children and participation in the creation of wide-ranging programmes aimed at transforming early childhood education and care. The National Childcare Strategy was impl emented. This policy sort to bring the early child development programmes, and the social services authorities together to ensure the provision of educational and social amenities to children from needy families (Tomlinson. 2005, p. 35). The QCA/DFEE was later established to promote stakeholders in education and social environment plan how their work contributes to the new early learning goals. The government provides funding that oversees the promotion of children’s personal, social and economic development through formal education and ensuring children remain in right environments to govern their rights. The government, through the Children Social Services Department, seeks to ensure that the rights of children are maintained in the family setting. The government has laid down responsibilities for all parents, to maintain healthy children. Such parenting responsibilities include provision of medical care to the children whenever they are sick, provision of basic education t o all children despite their mental and physical abilities, provision of a safe environment for child development and provision of basic needs for the child. The government gains custody of children whose parents do not support these basic needs and put the children in foster homes. Within any given social situation, the wants, needs and aspirations of different stakeholders may be quite different. It is, therefore, paramount that we identify the relevant stakeholders in order to understand their roles in the collaborative system. It is essential that the pupil should be included as a stakeholder. By looking at an individual pupil or a group of pupils, one can easily determine who the stakeholders are by observing the needs and wants of these pupils and looking at who can fulfill them and how. All stakeholders present their own personal opinions and understanding of the situation; thus, such collaboration will result in the achievement of set goals regarding situations faced by pupi ls and children. When these partnership work effectively, all the parties involved feel they have been able to realize collectively what they would not have if they worked individually (Tomlinson. 2005, p. 76). However, conflicts are bound to arise in any collaborative measure. The important thing, when faced with such a problem, is to consider what is in the interest of the children. We note

How is or isn't Los Angeles a global city What role does Essay

How is or isn't Los Angeles a global city What role does globalization, as discussed by Short, play in Valle & Torres' disc - Essay Example In short, globalization has affected all sectors of LA, including its industry, society and education. Currently Los Angeles is claimed to be the most globalized city in the world. where it lacks in actual numerical population, it makes up for it through its largest non-native population shares. This is the key to the huge impacts that take place globally. Hollywood and everything in between it got hit by globalization. The former historiographer Kevin Starr claims that all sectors in LA impact globally as well. Mike Davis claims that it is the branched income statistical distribution which is the main outcome of globalization. The moving industry picture is a significant aspect of the L.A. economy, which has captured a noticeable part of global control. However, John R. does not consider this as an important fact to declare Los Angeles a global city position, and according to him Northern California has more prominent multimedia graphics impacts. He believes the foreign investment i n L.A. has more attention towards low paid, unskilled labor, and is highly focused on the poor state of L.A schools. Globalization has become a turning point for the educational sector in the LA. So much is the impact that now the educational systems in the LA are utilizing new and cutting edge technology in teaching practices. It has utilized the services of both public and private parties, a system called the active social educations. These initiatives are in fact becoming an inspiration for educational systems of the emerging countries, and how educational systems can be improved in spite of the staleness of the system. In this way, globalization is serving as a new initiative for reforms of the various social, industrial and educational sectors in LA. Many authors believe LA fits the picture of a global city for all its attractions, business and tourism facilities. No doubt, Los Angeles is a globalized city, having all necessary ingredients of being one of the great cities of it s region. Rodolfo analyzes the position of the three biggest metropolises in the United States to explore what consequence the global economy has had on them. He states that each city, apart from being the largest in the region, each was formulated during a different but significant historic economic construction. New York was therefore known as the "mercantile city," Chicago was an "industrial city," and Los Angeles was known as a "post-industrial city". He then analyzes a number of facts highlighting the height of prominence in the frame of global economy. On the broader context, he considered population and pointed at ethnic diversity, air freight, shipping and foreign trade, the height of control exercised by corporate headquarters, the part of producer and corporate services and the presence of transnational investments as contributory to the process of globalization (John 23). He analyzes that all three cities presented a global significance. Having all fundamentals of enough assiduity of global occasions to equally specify as a global city, he guessed that globalization has fostered or highlighted racial bias and discrimination. His findings highlight the importance of various historical events in making globalization a final process of development of a city. He analyzes that both Chicago and Los Angeles are acutely separated spatially along interracial lines, New

Athletes versus Non-Athletes on Academic Performance Research Paper

Athletes versus Non-Athletes on Academic Performance - Research Paper Example The reason behind selecting the topic of the research includes the popular misconception that sports and games cause the wastage of student’s time by diverting their focus from studies. The critics are of the view that the students, interested and involved in athletics and other games, consume large part of their time and energies in the playgrounds, and consequently become too tired and exhausted to pay any heed to their academic obligations. As a result, they lag far behind than their classmates in educational activities, and thus are unable to complete their studies in order to become the proficient and successful professionals for the future years to come. One school of thought observes that sport activities deflect time away from the classroom, and children always keep sports and play in mind, and neglect their classroom responsibilities and assignments. Somehow, the other school of thought disregards the very idea that athletics keep children away from their studies. The y are of the opinion that schools are not established to mere bestow certificates and degrees upon the students; on the contrary, people send their children to various educational institutions in order to make them capable of comprehending with the challenges life offers to man on the one hand, and for the growth and development of all aspects of their personality on the other. The researcher have selected small north Georgia schools as the population for the present study, where he aim to select one hundred and sixty respondents for the research process; one hundred and twenty of which would be students, while twenty each would consist of teachers and parents of the students. Interview schedule will be the tool for data collection in the present study. After the collection of data, the findings will be analyzed and results will be interpreted subsequently. Hence, the study will present a balanced report on the influence of athletics and games on the overall academic performance of the students. In addition, the data relevant to the North Georgia schools available at various websites will also be consulted for the study. Identification of the Problem: It has aptly been observed that sports and games maintain significant place in social life of the individuals. Sports not only perk up the physical strength of the people, but also pave the way towards the enhancement of intelligence level and sharpness in them. Thus, participation in sports improves mental and physical health and raises IQ level of humans. â€Å"Some of the factors to consider in assessing the significance of mental health relative to other influences are evident in reflecting on a familiar scenario: the long haul flight† (Lynch et al. 2000). Since all parents are determined to see their children healthy and intelligent, they make adequate arrangements for the studies and recreational activities of the children, where participation in sports is given particular attention. In addition, political authorities and social establishment also promote and project the opportunities of physical games of various kinds for adolescents and adults in order to make society healthy, strong and vigorous. Researches reveal the very fact that healthy people can work harder than

Sector Matrix Essay Example for Free

Sector Matrix Essay In buyer-driven commodity chains retailers, branded manufacturers and branded marketers which usually operate in labor-intensive consumer goods industries (e.g. footwear, toys, and consumer electronics) play key parts in setting up decentralised production networks in a variety of exporting countries. In producer-driven commodity chains, however, large manufacturers usually operating in capital and technology-intensive industries (e.g. automobiles, aircraft, and computers) play pivotal roles in managing production networks, usually in developed countries. Global Commodity Chains overlooks important concepts known as demand substitution and supply interaction, which occur in the motoring sector when lower income consumers rather purchase more affordable second hand automobiles from car dealerships than new automobiles from manufacturers e. g. when second-hand cars dilute the automobile market. Competition is thereby oversimplified by Gereffi’s framework as a process that takes place within an industry of firms using similar technologies to produce competing products. Furthermore, complementary goods e.g. spares and parts, repairs and servicing, fuel, tax and insurance, and finance generates a high percentage of revenue in the motoring sectors. Thus to maintain competitiveness within a sector, managers need to be familiar with the concept of demand complementarity. Gereffi, similarly to Porter, overlook the strategic importance of complementary goods, envisaging the processes that bring a commodity to the final product market. The sector matrix analysis mentioned by Froud (2006) fills these limitations; it constructs the demand side in terms of complementary and competing demands made by end users, and the supply side in terms of corporate consolidation of surplus from different activities inside and outside a specific demand matrix. Taking into account the weaknesses of Porter and Gereffi’sframework, Froud argues a need to abandon product-specific analysis for an alternative way of thinking, arguing that the firm should be seen as a unit t hat consolidates financial surplus from diverse sources of profit inside and outside an activity matrix. Rather than constructing the demand side in terms of substitutable end-products (e.g. new cars versus new cars), the Sector Matrix approach captures demand complementarity (e.g. new cars + services) and demand substitution (e.g. new cars versus used cars). Therefore, thesector matrix approach gives a better understanding of the automobile product market than the concepts of Value  Chains and Global Commodity Chains in that it captures the strategic importance of complementary services, simultaneously redefining competition. Solely manufacturing cars is financially unrewarding due to the problems associated with saturation in the automobile markets e.g. fierce competition due to competitor ability to manage product development and technology processing. For example, Ford understood that in order to continue to achieve superior shareholder returns they must sharpen consumer focus, that why their vision is to be the world leading consumer company that provides automotive products and services not just the world leading automotive company.Under this downstream vertical integration strategy, Ford purchased UK-based car-servicing company Kwik-Fit, broadening their subsidiary portfolio; already consisting of car rental company Hertz, and fi nancial services company Ford Credit. Furthermore, the Sector Matrix approach does not confine competition to the group of firms producing similar products; it extends the business relation to all the other firms that aspire to positions in the matrix. So, redefining competition may be a necessary exercise in order to effectively analyse the product market. Albeit useful, the applicability of Sector Matrix can be debated amongst academics, however. Froudrecognise that many industries (e.g. trainers and shirts) cannot be reworked as sectorsdue to their simple infrastructure. Other more complex industries e.g. health care are difficult to visualise in a sector matrix diagram due to vague demand function. Hence, while the Sector Matrix approach works well in the case of automobile industry, the universalism the framework is debatable.